• Domestic Heating Design Guide Printed T-shirts
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The methods and systems chosen at new systems and restoration of ex isting sy stems s hould be subje ct to a long-t erm planning. At t he same time, we have to consider future dev elopment. T he solutions l isted bel ow are those which seem to be the most suitable for this purpose during the next few years. D is trict heating is co nside red the long-term solu tion, but it h as to be made more e ffic ient. Small produc tion plants are hard to manage f rom an envi ronment al- and a n eff icie ncy point of v iew. Smalle r sy stems should be re move d, th e lo ad should be c onnected to larger production plants.

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Domestic Heating Design Guide Printed T-shirts

W hen t he loca l district heating networks hav e rea ched a s uffic i- ent num ber, th ey should be c onnected to a c ombined heating and power plant. D istance s of 14-15 km or more betwe en district heating networks cre ates no problem w ith t he modern preinsula ted pipes. T he combined heating and power plants produces electricity and heat all year round.

T he loc al heating plant are on “ Stand- by”. T hey are started when the combined heating and power plants cannot meet the total heat require- ment.

Domestic Heating Design Guide Printed Circuit

Large plants in operation day and night. T hey a re require d to achiev e the most effic ient combustion with t he small est poss ible dis charges. W hen all the local district heating networks share the same operation co nditions, it wil l, in the long run, be pos si ble to c onnec t t hem to a larg e combined heating and power plant. The primary system/ the district heating can be divided into:. production, central boile r pla nt. distribution, prei nsul ated pipes.

c onsumptio n, sub -station Produc tion D is tribution Consumption. Most of what we are doing in our ordinary lives affects the environment in one w ay or the other. Some things a re cl ea r to th e nak ed ey e: the smok e and th e so ot when we ar e li ghting a fire, for ins tance.

O ther th ings can be more diffi cult to detec t: as how much more smoke and soot that is f ormed if we do not effic iently utili ze the heat we are producing. O r: a unit in a central boiler plant must be exchanged after five years instead of 20 y ears, due to ineffic ient operation.

Domestic Heating Design Guide Printed Envelopes

The consumption of coal has negative effects on the environment in the central boil er plant and its close st surroundings, but t he area f rom where th e coa l is c olle cted is al so indirec tly af fec ted. T he tr ansport t o and from the central boiler plant also has negative effects on the environment th rough its consumption of energy. T he most effic ient way of reduc ing the negative effects on the environment is to reduce the consumption of coal through a more effective use. The fuel in the district heating Main Power Stations will in general during a foreseeable future be coal and gas (only within certain areas). Irrespec tive of fuel type, impurities in t he fuel has to be kept as low a s possi ble.

Int ernational standards a pply. A decrease of the ash content in coal causes an immediate increase of the eff ici ency and reduces the d isc harges radica lly. T his decreas e can be ac complis hed by w ashing the coa l, and th is s hould be made w ithout delay, eve n for exis tin g boilers.

Crushing and washing of coal should not be made at the district heating Power Station but rather in connection with the mining process. By c hoosing coal c ont aining small qua nt ities of sul phur, th e disc harge of sulphur decrea ses in th e combus tion p roce ss.

Int ernationally th ere is only coal with less than 1% sulphur for sale. The use of better coal in all the boilers results immediately in smaller disc harges and ought t o be used as soon as pos sibl e. C oal of high quality shoul d, in the long run, be us ed in the l oca l hea ting pla nts, whil e c oal with a lower quality is to be used in the combined heating and power plants where an efficient purification of the flue gases takes place. T he combustion has to be ef fic ient, as it reduces th e impurities in the flue gases and utilizes the heat contents of the coal. C ombustion of c oal, base d upon pulve rised coal and burned with a fluidis ed bed, has prov ed to be th e bes t combustion t echnique at prese nt.

The impurity content in the flue gases is already low without the purifica tion. T his c ombustion technique should be us ed in new plant and when repla cing ol d boilers, both local and in combined heating and powe r plants.

C ombustion th at is eff ici ent and durable for a lo ng time, requires automatic operation and sound operating conditions.