1. 2018 Study Guide For Chaa Exam
2. 2018 Study Guide For Chaa Certification
3. Chaa Certification Study Course Online

Contents. Early life Cha was born Zha Liangyong in, in, the second of six children. He hailed from the scholarly ( 海寧查氏), whose members included notable literati of the late and early dynasties such as (1601–1676), (查慎行; 1650–1727) and (查嗣庭; died 1727).

His grandfather, Zha Wenqing ( 查文清), obtained the position of a (third class graduate) in the during the Qing dynasty. His father, Zha Shuqing ( 查樞卿), was arrested and executed by the for allegedly being a counterrevolutionary during the in the early 1950s. Zha Shuqing was later posthumously declared innocent in the 1980s. Cha was an avid reader of literature from an early age, especially wuxia and classical fiction. He was once expelled from his high school for openly criticising the as autocratic. He studied at in 1937 but was expelled in 1941. He continued his high school education at Quzhou No.

1 Secondary School and graduated in 1943. Education Cha was admitted to the Department of Foreign Languages at the in. Cha later dropped out of the school.

He took the entrance exam and gained admission to the Faculty of Law at, where he majored in international law with the intention of pursuing a career in the foreign service. Career Cha was a journalist. When Cha was transferred to (of ) as Deputy Editor, he met Chen Wentong, who wrote his first wuxia novel under the pseudonym ' in 1953.

Chen and Cha became good friends and it was under the former's influence that Cha began work on his first serialised martial arts novel, in 1955. In 1957, while still working on wuxia serialisations, he quit his previous job and worked as a scenarist-director and scriptwriter at and Phoenix Film Company. In 1959, Cha co-founded the Hong Kong newspaper with his high school classmate Shen Baoxin ( 沈寶新). Cha served as its editor-in-chief for years, writing both serialised novels and editorials, amounting to some 10,000 per day. His novels also earned him a large readership.

Cha completed his last wuxia novel in 1972, after which he officially retired from writing novels, and spent the remaining years of that decade editing and revising his literary works instead. The first complete definitive edition of his works appeared in 1979. In 1980, Cha wrote a postscript to 's Wu Jia Taijiquan, where he described influences from as far back as and on contemporary Chinese martial arts. By then, Cha's wuxia novels had gained great popularity in Chinese-speaking areas.

All of his novels have since been adapted into films, TV shows and radio dramas in Hong Kong, Taiwan and China. The important characters in his novels are so well known to the public that they can be alluded to with ease between all three regions. In the late 1970s, Cha was involved in Hong Kong politics. After, a Jin Yong fan, came to power and initiated the process, Cha became the first non-Communist Hong Konger to meet with Deng.

He was a member of the drafting committee but resigned in protest after the. He was also part of the set up in 1996 by the Chinese government to monitor the 1997 transfer of sovereignty. In 1993, Cha prepared for retirement from editorial work and sold all his shares in Ming Pao. Personal life Cha had three brothers and two sisters. He was the second oldest among them.

His brothers were Zha Liangjian ( 查良鏗; 1916–1988), Zha Lianghao ( 查良浩; b. 1934) and Zha Liangyu ( 查良鈺; b. His sisters are Zha Liangxiu ( 查良琇; b. 1926) and Zha Liangxuan ( 查良璇; b.

Cha married three times. His first wife was Du Zhifen ( 杜治芬), whom he married in 1948 but divorced later. In 1953, he married his second wife, Zhu Mei ( 朱玫), a newspaper journalist. They had two sons and two daughters: Zha Chuanxia ( 查傳俠), Zha Chuanti ( 查傳倜), Zha Chuanshi ( 查傳詩) and Zha Chuanne ( 查傳訥). Cha divorced Zhu in 1976 (due to his affair with Lin Leyi) and married his third wife, Lin Leyi ( 林樂怡; b. 1953), who was 29 years his junior and 16 years old when they married.

In 1976, his son Zha Chuanxia, then 19 years old, committed suicide after a quarrel with his girlfriend while studying at. Death On 30 October 2018, Cha died after a long illness at the in. Decorations and conferments In addition to his wuxia novels, Cha also wrote many non-fiction works on Chinese history. For his achievements, he received many honours. Cha was awarded the (OBE) by the British government in 1981. He was awarded a (1992) and a (2004) by the French government. Cha was also an at, (Department of Chinese Studies), the,.

Cha was an honorary doctor at, (Department of Social Science), the, the University of British Columbia, and the. He was also an honorary fellow of and, and a Waynflete Fellow of. When receiving his honorary doctorate at the University of Cambridge in 2004, Cha expressed his wish to be a full-time student at Cambridge for four years to attain a non-honorary doctorate. In July 2010, Cha earned his in oriental studies (Chinese history) at with a thesis on imperial succession in the early. Novels Cha wrote a total of 15 fictional works, of which one ('Sword of the Yue Maiden') is a short story and the other 14 are and of various lengths. Most of his novels were first published in daily instalments in newspapers, then later in book editions.

Of these, the novels ( The Legend of the Condor Heroes, The Return of the Condor Heroes, and The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber) make up the and should be read in that order; a number of his other works are also linked to this trilogy ( Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils is a precursor to the Condor Trilogy). Fox Volant of the Snowy Mountain and The Young Flying Fox are companion works with the same protagonist and characters from The Book and the Sword appear. A few major characters from Sword Stained with Royal Blood also appear in his final novel The Deer and the Cauldron as minor characters. Couplet After Cha completed all his works, it was discovered that the first characters of the first 14 titles can be joined together to form a with 7 characters on each line: 飛雪連天射白鹿 笑書神俠倚碧鴛 飞雪连天射白鹿 笑书神侠倚碧鸳 Loose translation Shooting a white deer, snow flutters around the skies; Smiling, one writes about the divine chivalrous one, leaning against bluish lovebirds (or lover) Cha stated that he had never intended to create the couplet. The couplet serves primarily as a handy to remember all of Cha's works for his fans. 'Sword of the Yue Maiden' was left out because it would be an odd number, thus the couplet would not be complete, also because the 'Sword of the Yue Maiden' was so short it was not even considered a book. Editions Most of Cha's works were initially published in instalments in Hong Kong newspapers, most often in Ming Pao.

Was his first novel serialised in Ming Pao, launched on 20 May 1959. Between 1970 and 1980, Cha revised all of his works. The revised works of his stories are known as the 'New Edition' (新版), also known as 'Revised Edition' (修訂版), in contrast with the 'Old Edition' (舊版), which refers to the original, serialised versions. Some characters and events were written out completely, most notably mystical elements and 'unnecessary' characters, such as the 'Blood Red Bird' (小紅鳥) and 'Qin Nanqin' (秦南琴), the mother of in the first edition. In Taiwan, the situation is more complicated, as Cha's books were initially banned.

As a result, there were multiple editions published underground, some of which were revised beyond recognition. Only in 1979 was Cha's complete collection published by Taiwan's Yuenching Publishing House (遠景出版社). In China, the Wulin (武林) magazine in was the first to officially publish Cha's works, starting from 1980. Cha's complete collection in was published by Beijing's in 1994.

Meanwhile, Mingheshe Singapore-Malaysia (明河社星马分公司) published his collection, in Simplified Chinese for Southeast Asian readers in 1995. From 1999 to 2006, Cha revised his novels for the second and last time. Each of his works is carefully revised, re-edited and re-issued in the order in which he wrote them.

This revision was completed in spring 2006, with the publication of the last novel, The Deer and the Cauldron. The newer revised edition, known variably as the 'New Century Edition' (世紀新修版), 'New Revised Edition' (新修版) and 'New New Edition' (新新版), is noted for its annotations where Cha answers previous criticisms directed at the historical accuracy of his works. In the newer revision, certain characters' personae were changed, such as Wang Yuyan, and many martial art skills and places have their names changed. This edition faced a number of criticisms from Cha's fans, some of whom prefer the older storyline and names. The older 1970–80 'New Edition' (新版) is no longer issued by Cha's publisher Mingheshe (明河社). Patriotism, jianghu and development of heroism. Statue of Cha on, or patriotism is a strong theme in Cha's works.

In most of his works, Cha places emphasis on the idea of self-determination and identity, and many of his novels are set in time periods when China was occupied or under the threat of occupation by non- peoples such as the,. However, Cha gradually evolved his Chinese nationalism into an inclusionist concept which encompasses all present-day non-Han Chinese minorities. Cha expresses a fierce admiration for positive traits of non-Han Chinese people personally, such as the Mongols and Manchus. In, for example, he casts and his sons as capable and intelligent military leaders against the corrupt and ineffective bureaucrats of the Han Chinese-led.

Cha's references range from, philosophical schools of thought such as, and and imperial Chinese history. Historical figures often intermingle with fictional ones, making it difficult for the layperson to distinguish which are real. His works show a great amount of respect and approval for traditional Chinese values, especially Confucian ideals such as the proper relationship between ruler and subject, parent and child, elder sibling and younger sibling, and (particularly strongly, due to the wuxia nature of his novels), between master and apprentice, and among fellow apprentices.

However, he also questions the validity of these values in the face of a modern society, such as ostracism experienced by his two main characters – 's romantic relationship with his teacher in The Return of the Condor Heroes. Cha also places a great amount of emphasis on traditional values such as and honour.

In all but his 14th work, the protagonists or heroes are explored meticulously through their relationships with their teachers, their immediate kin and relatives, and with their suitors or spouses. In each, the heroes have attained the zenith in martial arts and most would be the epitome or embodiment of the traditional Chinese values in words or deeds, i.e. Virtuous, honourable, respectable, gentlemanly, responsible, patriotic, and so forth. In, Cha departed from his usual writing style, creating in its main protagonist an who is greedy, lazy, and utterly disdainful of traditional rules of propriety.

Cha intentionally created an anticlimax and an antihero possessing none of the desirable traditional values and no knowledge of any form of martial arts, and dependent upon a protective vest made of alloy to absorb full-frontal attack when in trouble and a dagger that can cut through anything. Wei is a street urchin and womanising weasel, with no admirable qualities whatsoever.

The fiction writer wrote a connected critique of all of Cha's works and concluded that Cha concluded his work with The Deer and the Cauldron as a satire to his earlier work and to restore a balanced perspective in readers. Criticisms The study of Cha's works has spun off a specific area of study and discussion: Jinology. For years, readers and critics have written works discussing, debating and analysing his fictional world of martial arts; among the most famous are those by Cha's close friend and science fiction novelist,. Ni is a fan of Cha, and has written a series of criticisms analysing the various personalities and aspects of his books called I Read Jin Yong's Novels (我看金庸小說). Despite Cha's popularity, some of his novels were banned outside of Hong Kong due to political reasons.

A number of them were outlawed in the People's Republic of China in the 1970s as they were thought to be satires of and the; others were banned in the Republic of China (Taiwan) as they were thought to be in support of the. None of these bans are currently in force, and Cha's complete collection has been published multiple times in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Many politicians on both sides of the Straits are known to be readers of his works;, for example, was a well-known reader himself. In late 2004, the People's Education Publishing House (人民教育出版社) of the People's Republic of China sparked controversy by including an excerpt from in a new senior high school Chinese textbook.

While some praised the inclusion of popular literature, others feared that the violence and unrealistic martial arts described in Cha's works were unsuitable for high school students. At about the same time, announced a similar move for Chinese-learning students at secondary and junior college levels. Timeline Era Novel 6th century BC 11th century 13th century 14th century 16th century ( ) ( ) 17th century ( ) 18th century Translations of Cha's works English books currently available include:. – published by, translated by Graham Earnshaw, edited by and Rachel May. (in three volumes) – published by Oxford University Press, translated.

– published by, translated by Olivia Mok. ( was expected to be published in February 2018 ) Other works available in English include:.

– in comic book form by, published by ComicsOne. – in comic book form by Tony Wong, published by ComicsOne. – in comic book form by Wee Tian Beng, published by Asiapac Books. – DVD collection of the 2001 CCTV series with English subtitles released in the United States.

Adaptations. 31 July 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2013.

Protocol Division Government Secretariat of Hong Kong. October 2018. Retrieved 2018-10-17. ^ John Sturrock (1997). Oxford University Press. Jin Yong and Daisaku Ikeda (2013).

Compassionate Light in Asia: A Dialogue. (in Chinese).

24 June 2004. Retrieved 4 August 2006.: 13 July 2006. Retrieved 4 August 2006. Frisch, Nick (13 April 2018). – via www.newyorker.com. Chen, Mo (2001). Shijue Jin Yong (視覺金庸 ) (in Chinese).

Volume 1 (卷初). Taiwan: Yuan-Liou Publishing Company. Wenxuecity.com (in Chinese).

18 October 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2018.

Zhejiang Quzhou No. 1 Middle School (in Chinese). 1 October 2004. Retrieved 2018-08-09. Jin Yong Inn (in Chinese). Retrieved 2018-08-22.

Wu, Kung-tsao (2006) 1980. Wu Family T'ai Chi Ch'uan (吳家太極拳). Chien-ch'uan T'ai-chi Ch'uan Association. Hamm, John Christopher (2006). University of Hawaii Press. 24 September 1999. Archived from the original on 20 September 2001.

Retrieved 22 November 2007. CS1 maint: Unfit url. Www.xzbu.com (in Chinese). 3 April 2014.

Retrieved 27 May 2016. Hao1111.cn (in Chinese).

Archived from the original on 6 August 2016. Retrieved 27 May 2016. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown.

Pan, Zeping. Shuku.net (in Chinese).

Retrieved 27 May 2016. Www.xzbu.com (in Chinese). 7 October 2012. Retrieved 27 May 2016. Laonanren.com (in Chinese).

2018 Study Guide For Chaa Exam

13 August 2010. Retrieved 27 May 2016. Taiwan Panorama. Retrieved 10 January 2010. Culture.ifeng.com (in Chinese).

1 April 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2016. The Straits Times.

30 October 2018. Retrieved 30 October 2018. October 31, 2018.

Retrieved November 1, 2018. 14 October 2004. Retrieved 4 August 2006. Shenzhen Daily. 23 June 2004. Retrieved 4 August 2006. 2010-09-12,.

Louis, Cha, (14 April 2018). ^ The dates conform to the data published in 陳鎮輝,《武俠小說逍遙談》, 2000, 匯智出版有限公司, pp.

56–58; 創意寫作系列：書寫香港@文學故事, 2008, Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company, p. 169; and the website, authorised by the author. While Wang Yuyan accompanied Duan Yu back to Dali in older revisions, in the new revision she refused and stayed to serve Murong Fu instead. See Chapter 50 of. (in Chinese). 4 March 2005. Retrieved 4 August 2006.

2018 Study Guide For Chaa Certification

Women of China. 28 October 2017. Thorpe, Vanessa (26 November 2017). The Guardian. Retrieved 26 November 2017.

Further reading. Stateless Subjects: Chinese Martial Arts Literature and Postcolonial History, Chapters 3 and 4.

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External links Wikiquote has quotations related to:. (in Chinese) – fansite of Jin Yong's novels in Chinese. (in Chinese) – fansite, forums and complete works of Jin Yong's novels. on. in the Encyclopaedia of Science Fiction.

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